Friday, August 16, 2019

Governor Alfred Cumming and his wife Elizabeth Wells Cumming

Alfred Cumming, 2nd Governor of the Territory of Utah
Elizabeth Wells Cumming, wife of Governor Cumming, great-granddaughter of Samuel Adams.  Her letters describing her adventures on the journey with the Utah Expedition from the Missouri River to the Salt Lake Valley in 1857-1858 were published in a booklet which can be found here:  The Genteel Gentile, Letters of Elizabeth Cumming, 1857 - 1858


Elizabeth wrote about wintering in Camp Scott, “We live in five tents – One a dining room.  Second a store room of trunks boxes & so forth, & such little provisions as we have.  Third a kitchen, in which we are building a chimney.  Fourth-a sleeping tent for the young girl.  Fifth-a double wall tent divided into parlour & bed chamber – eight feet by 10 each & is the admeasurement thereof, I believe.  In my parlour I have a carpet made of a grey blanket – in the center is a little rug – A settee, covered with chintz, fills one side & a long but narrow table with two littles shelves of books upon it, fills the opposite side – one chair stands in the center.  I have also a little stand for a work box & at the side of the entrance is a tiny stove.”


Captain Alfred Cumming, the Governor's nephew, served in Fort Floyd.  A few years later he served the Confederate States of America during the civil war and retired as a Brigadier General.


Thursday, August 15, 2019

Chief Arimo of the Shoshone Nation and his son


Chief Arimo, born 1806, was a leader of all the Northern Shoshone, called the Snake Indians by other tribes and clans because they primarily lived on the Snake River.  Before the Utah War, the Shoshone tribe had 28 clans averaging 600 people in each clan – 16,800 strong.  Illness and warfare quickly depleted their ranks.   
He befriended the Mormons when they first arrived.  He was baptized.  Later he helped them build a chapel in what eventually became Logan, Utah.  The Mormons in Cache Valley named a building after him in his honor.  
Arimo had seven sons and one daughter.  His name was later anglicized to “Edmo” by the Indian Agent on the Fort Hall Indian Reservation.  17 photographs of him and his children, taken by Miss Benedicte Wrenstead towards the end of his life, still exist.  He died in 1896.  The Town of Arimo, thirty miles southeast of his preferred winter camp near what became Pocatello, Idaho was named after him.  His ancestors still live in the Idaho-Wyoming area to this day.  
The story of Arimo’s son being saved by a Mormon farmer is true.  It happened to my maternal great grandfather shortly after he settled in Call’s Fort.  It is part of the author’s family history.  My great grandfather and Arimo remained friends until my ancestor died.  

Chief Arimo, photographed shortly before his death in 1896.  He was 45 years younger when he adopted Connal Lee in 1857.  

Jack Edmo photographed about 15 years after Connal Lee met him.  After the Indian Wars, he was not permitted to use his given name of Arimo by law.  The Superintendent of Indian Affairs changed the name Arimo to Edmo.





Shoshone Warriors



Shoshone Warriors
Chief Pocatello's Shoshone warriors photographed in 1863.



John Edward Reed, Company G, Sixth Infantry

Captain John Edward Reed photographed prior to the Civil War, about the time he would have met his 'Little Brother' Connal Lee at Fort Laramie.

Shoshone and Bannock Warriors

Ralph Willet Dixey (Bannock) and Peter Jim (Shoshone) in an 1897 photograph wearing traditional beaded clothing.  After the Indian Wars, native Americans were forbidden from using their native names by Congressional order.
Shoshone Warriors



The Beehive House, official Residence of Brigham Young

This is what the Beehive House (on right) and the Lion House (on left) looked like when Connal Lee visited in 1857.  Notice the wall around the Young Estate.  

Another view of the wall around the Young Estate in 1857.  
Looking east along South Temple (before the Utah War it was called Brigham Street), with Lion House's distinctive pointed dormers.  Note all the trees.  The wall around the Young Estate can be seen continuing up the hill behind the Beehive House.



Fort Floyd, an unwalled, 100 acre fort of 400 buildings. When first built in 1858 it housed one-third of the armed forces of the United States of America in the Territory of Utah.